- Borosilicate
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Borosilicate glassware is a strong heat-resistant glass that contains a minimum of 5 percent boric oxide.
Type I, Class A, Made From 33 Expansion Borosilicate
Common Names: Borosilicate, Low Expansion, Type I Glass
Standards: Type I, Class A Borosilicate conforming to federal specification DD-G-54lb and ASTM E-438. Also meets the U.S. Pharmacopoeia specs for Type I Borosilicate Glass.
Composition % Approximate SiO2 80.6% B2O3 13.0% Na2O 4.0% Al2O3 2.3% Misc. Traces 0.1%
Physical Working PropertiesCoefficient of Expansion 32.5 x 10-7cm/cm/°C Strain Point 510°C Annealing Point 560°C Softening Point 821°C Density 2.23 g/cm3 Youngs Mod 6.4 x 103 Kg/mm2 Refractive Index 1.473 @ Sodium D Line Temperature Limits 490°C (Extreme Service) 230°C (Normal Service) Maximum Thermal Shock 160°C
Applications: Designed for use in all products requiring very high resistance to strong acids, alkalis, and products intended for use in heat applications such as autoclaves, hot plates, and open flame.
Products: Beakers, burets, bottles, centrifuge tubes, condensers, cylinders, desiccators, dishes, flasks, fritted ware, funnels, ground joints, jars, stopcocks, tubing, and other assorted products.
Warnings: Thick-walled ware, such as bottles, jars and desiccators, should not be heated over a flame, a hot plate or other comparable source of heat. Do not use hydrofluoric or hot phosphoric acid in glass. Do not use scratched or abraded glassware. Hot alkalis will etch glass.
Type I, Class B Borosilicate
Common Names: Borosilicate, Neutral Glass
Standards: Type I, Class B Borosilicate conforming to federal specification DD-G54lb and ASTM E-438. Also meets the U.S. Pharmacopoeia specs for Type I Borosilicate Glass.
Composition % Approximate SiO2 73% B2O3 10% Na2O 2% Al2O3 7% K2O 2% BaO <0.1% CaO 0.7%
Physical Working PropertiesCoefficient of Expansion 55 x 10-7cm/cm/°C Strain Point 517°C Annealing Point 565°C Softening Point 789°C Density 2.33 g/cm3 Youngs Mod 7.2 x 103 Kg/mm2 Refractive Index 1.490 @ Sodium D Line Temperature Limits 460°C (Extreme Service) 200°C (Normal Service) Maximum Thermal Shock 115°C
Applications: Designed for use in products requiring very low pH shift when used with most reagents and pharmaceuticals.
Products: Pipets, disposable culture tubes, and pharmaceutical tubing.
Warnings: Do not use hydrofluoric or hot phosphoric acid in glass. Do not use scratched or abraded glassware. Hot alkalis will etch glass. Will not seal to Type I, Class A glass.
Standard Taper 24/40 Inner Joint
Standard Taper 24/40 Outer Joint
28/15 Ball Joint
28/15 Socket Joint
Standard Taper 12/30 Stopcock Plug
Standard Taper 14.5/50 Stopcock Plug
11/25 Teflon Stopcock Plug
#13 Stopper
0-4 mm High Vacuum ValveStandard Taper indicates interchangeable joints, stopcocks, and stoppers complying with the requirements of Commercial Standards CS-21 of the National Bureau of Standards.Spherical Joint indicates spherical joints complying with the requirements of CS-21.Product Standard indicates stopcock plugs made of Teflon complying with the requirements of the National Bureau of Standards, Voluntary Product Standard PS23-70.
KF Socket ends have shallow ground spherical finish with heavy tooled shoulders. They allow 3° of misalignment and require a Teflon Seal between the mating surfaces.
KF Ball ends have shallow ground spherical finish wiht heavy tooled shoulders. They allow 3° of misalignment and require a Teflon Seal between the mating surfaces.
KF Plain ends have a flat ground face and heavy tooled shoulder.
KF Couplings are often used to fix apparatus to support structures.
Schott Process Systems Beaded Pipe ends have sflat tooled face ad soft transitional radius corners to 45° back taper.
They allow 3° of misalignment.
Schott Process System Beaded Pipe Coupling have stainless steel outer band with Viton liner and Teflon seal ring.
QVF Process Systems Conical Pipe profile has an angle of 9° on sizes up to and including 3". The outer edge is flush with the angled surface. The groove provides bite into the Teflon sealing gasket.
QVF Process Systems Conical Pipe profile has an angle of 21° on sizes of 4" and 6". The outer edge has a full radius. The inner front surfaces is raised to provide excellent sealing with Teflon sealing gaskets.
Glass Frit PorositiesPorosity Grade Designation Pore Size in Microns Principle Uses Fine F 4.0 - 5.5 Filtration and Extraction Medium M 10 - 26 Filtration and Extraction Coarse C 40 - 60 Gas dispersion, washing absorption. Coarse filtration Extra Coarse XC 170 - 220 Gas dispersion, washing absorption. Coarse filtration New filters should be cleaned by suction with hot hydrochloric acid followed by a water rinse. Used filters can usually be cleaned by rinsing with water, passed through the underside of the filter disc at pressure not exceeding 15 lbs. per square inch. There are some precipitates that tend to clog the pores of a fritted filter. Listed below are suggestions for cleaning precipitates that must be removed by chemical means. Material Cleaning Agent Albumen Hot ammonia or hydrochloric acid. Aluminous and Siliceous Residues 2% hydrofloric acid followed by concentrated sulfuric acid. Rinse immediately with water until no trace of acid can be detected. Copper or Iron Oxides Hot hydrochloric acid plus plus potassium chlorate. Glucose Hot mixed acid (H2SO4 + HNO3) Fatty Materials Carbon tetrachloride. Mercuric Sulfide Hot nitric acid. Mercury Hot concentrated cleaning solution or hot concentrated sulfuric acid with a few drops of sodium nitrite. Organic Matter Ammonium of sodium hyposulfide. WARNING: Under no circumstances should the MAXIMUM pressure exceed 15 lbs. per square inch. Fritted glassware is designed for low pressure vacuum filtration or gas flow. Fritted ware should not be exposed to excessive temperature change or direct exposure to flame due to the fact that it has less resistance to thermal shock than standard borosilicate glassware. 
Capacity ML
D1 MM
Capacity ML
D1 MM5 25 500 102 10 31 1000 130 15 35 2000 161 20 38 3000 185 25 42 5000 221 50 48 12,000 295 100 60 22,000 350 125 65 50,000 457 200 76 72,000 520 250 83 100,000 610 300 87 200,000 750 - Quartz
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Typical Physical Properties, Type 214 Clear Fused QuartzDensity 2.2 x 103 kg/m3 Hardness 5.5 - 6.5 Mohns' Scale 570 KHN100 Design Tensile Strength 4.8 x 107Pa (N/m2) (7000 psi) Design Compressive Strength Greater than 1.1 x 109Pa (160,000 psi) Bulk Modulus 3.7 x 1010Pa (5.3 x 106 psi) Rigidity Modulus 3.1 x 1010Pa (4.5 x 106 psi) Young's Modulus 7.2 x 1010Pa (10.5 x 106 psi) Poisson's Ratio 0.17 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20°C -320°C) 5.5 x 10-7 cm/cm, °C Thermal Conductivity 1.4 W/m, °C Specific Heat (20°C) 670 J/kg, °C Softening Point 1683°C Annealing Point 1215°C Strain Point 1120°C Electric Resistivity (350°C) 7 x 107 ohm cm Dielectric Properties (20°C and 1 MHz) 2.2 x 103 kg/m3 Constant 3.75 Strength 5 x 107 V/m Loss Factor Less than 4 x 104 Dissipation Factor Less than 1 x 104 Index of Refraction 1.4585 Constringence (Nu value) 67.56 Velocity of Sound-Shear Wave 3.75 x 103 m/s Velocity of Sound/Compression Wave 5.90 x 103 m/s Sonic Attentuation Less than 11 db/m MHz Permability Constants (700°C) (cm3 mm/cm2 sec. Cm of Hg) Helium 210 x 10-10 Hydrogen 21 x 10-10 Deutrium 17 x 10-10 Neon 9.5 x 10-10
Standard TolerancesLength ±.010" Width ±.010" Thickness ±.005" Diameter ±.010" Radius .030" - .060" Bevel .020" - .040" Maximum Chip < .020" Flatness Within .00011 per inch Parallelism Within .005" Scratch/Dig 80/50 Surface Finish - Flat Grind 27 microns or better Surface Finish - Polished 5 microns or better
Symbol Characteristics
Flatness 
Straightness 
Circularity 
Cylindricity 
Perpendicularity Flatness 
Angularity 
Parellelism 
Surface Finish
Machined Quartz - Scratch/Dig SpecificationsThis parameter measures the allowable defects in a coating or on a surface of an optical element, and is specified as a numerical value. For example, a specification may read "Scratch/Dig=80/60", explained as follows:
Scratches
Scratch numbers are the apparent widths of hairline scratches allowed in units of 0.001 mm. A scratch number of 80 is really 0.08 mm wide. Additionally, the combined length of maximum-size scratches on the surface of the lens in question cannot exceed 1/4 the diameter of the usable lens area.
Scratch Number Maximum Width (mm) Maximum Width Inches 80 .008 .00031 60 .006 .00024 40 .004 .00016 20 .002 .00008 10 .001 .00004 5 .0005 .00002
Digs
Digs represent the apparent diameters of allowable defects such as bubbles, pinholes and inclusions on the surface of lens or coating. Digs are specified in units of 0.01 mm, so a dig value of 50 is actually .5 mm diameter allowable inclusion. The allowable number of maximum size digs within the useful are of the lens is one, and the sum of the diameters of all digs cannot exceed twice the diameter of the minimum size dig number specified.
Dig Number Maximum Width (mm) Maximum Width Inches 50 .50 .020 40 .40 .016 30 .30 .012 20 .20 .008 10 .10 .004 5 .05 .002
Surface Finish Comparison
RMS (Micro-inch) RMS (Micron) Ra (Micro-inch) Ra (Micron) Grit Finish 160 4.06 142 3.61 36 98 2.49 87 2.21 60 80 2.03 71 1.80 80 58 1.47 52 1.32 120 47 1.20 42 1.06 150 47 1.20 42 Before Bead Blast 1.06 USDA Bead Blast 34 0.86 30 0.76 180 21 0.53 19 0.48 220 17 0.43 15 0.38 240 14 0.36 12 0.30 320 10 0.25 9 0.23 400 5 0.13 4 (+/-) 0.10 Mirror
Machined Quartz - Optical Properties
The optical properties of fused quartz lets us choose between various types, because of transparency defines material purity and the method of manufacture.
Certain indicators are the UV cutoff and the presence or absence of bands at 245 nm and 2.73 um. The UV cutoff varies from 155 to 175 nm for a 10 mm thick test sample. The presence of transition metallic impurities will move the UV cutoff towards longer wavelengths.
The curves in the figure below represent the average transmission for a 10 mm thick test sample for both commercial and optical grades. Fused quartz is very efficient for the transmission of infrared radiation. Infrared transmission extends out approximately 4 micrometers, with little absorption in the "water band" at 2.73 um.
- Temperature Conversions
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°C = (°F -32) 5/9°F = (°C + 32) 9/5 - OHMs Law
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I = E/R
I = ampsE = IR E = volts R = E/I R = ohms P = IE P = watts EXAMPLE: If 120 volts applied to circuit, then I = 120/115 = 1.04 amps (volts)(amps) = watts (120)(1.04) = 125 I2(R) = P 1.042(115) = 125 - Trademarks
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BIO-STIR™
Wheaton Science ProductsCLEAR SEAL™ Wheaton Science Products DeLONG™ Bellco Glass, Inc. DURON™ Schott Glass Works GE™ General Electric GLAS-COL™ Glas-Col IKA® Ika JULABO™ Julabo KALREZ™ E.I. DuPont KIMAX™ Kimble Glass Company LAB JAWS™ Troemner MICRO-STIR™ Wheaton Science Products MIDI-VAP™ BSL Company PYREX™ Corning Glassworks SCIENCEWARE® Bel-Art Products SIMAX™ Kavalier SVL™ Bibby Science Products TEFLON™ E.I. DuPont ULTRA JAWS™ T-Line VITON™ E.I. DuPont - Patents
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Prism Greaseless Seal - Patents Pending
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"Big Bear" Rotary Feed Through Bearing
Prism Pilot Plant Support Stand